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MCA Services
Mesopores and Small Macropores Gas adsorption for the pore size range 2 - ~300 nm* Specific (BET) Surface Area (numerical value and graphical plot) Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot) Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot) Average Pore Size (numerical values) Pore Size Distribution (numerical value and graphical plot) Assessment of Pore Geometry Micropore Volume Choice of Adsorbates * Depending on nature of sample
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Porosimetry Analysis Porosimetry covers a range of analytical techniques used for understanding and characterising the porous nature of materials. Porosity often has profound affects on the behaviour of materials and influences many aspects of their selection, fabrication, application, performance and life-cycle. Porosity is a broad term which encompasses physical characteristics such as pore volume, pore surface area, pore size distribution, specific surface area, absolute porosity and pore geometry. It also has direct relationships with the various measures of sample density, gas and fluid permeability and chemical activity. All of these aspects of porosity can be characterised at MCA Services using a range of state-of-the-art analytical instruments. Our expertise in the application of analyses and interpretation means that the most pertinent data is presented and related directly to specific materials and applications. Porosity is commonly considered as being present within a solid material but it is also present in the void spaces of a powder material. Such inter- particulate porosity is determined by the particle size and shape of the powder grains, essentially reflecting the packing properties of powder particles. Understanding inter-particulate porosity becomes very significant when a powder is used in the fabrication of a solid article. Combined with the process conditions, such as compression, binder composition and firing temperature it determines the porosity within the finished article.
Pore sizes can be divided into three ranges: Micropores (< 2nm), Mesopores (2 50 nm) and Macropores (> 50nm), the sizes refer to the diameter of a cylindrical pore or the width of a slit-shaped pore according to IUPAC definitions. Micro-pores are sometimes further divided to include super-micropores, or ultra-micropores which are smaller than 1 nm. Pore geometry, which includes types and shapes of pores should also be considered. There is no single technique that can be used to determine porous characteristics throughout the ranges of pore sizes. Therefore, it is usually necessary to select the most appropriate technique or combination of techniques for a given sample and application. At MCA Services we have decades of experience in this and are always happy to provide our thoughts on this selection.
Types and shape clasification of pores in solid materials
Pore size ranges and analytical options for characterisation
Mesopores and Macropores Mercury porosimetry for the pore size range 3.5 nm – 650 µm* Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot) Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot) Average Pore Size (numerical values) Pore Size Distribution (numerical value and graphical plot) Bulk and Skeletal Density Absolute Porosity (% volume) Permeability Pore Tortuosity * Depending on nature of sample
Micropores Gas adsorption for the pore size range 0.3 – 2 nm Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot) Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot) Average Pore Size (numerical values) Nitrogen Adsorption (pores 0.45 – 2 nm) Nitrogen Adsorption Full Isotherm (pores 0.45 - ~300nm*) Carbon Dioxide Adsorption (pores 0.3 – 0.45 nm) Combined CO 2 and N 2 Isotherms (pores 0.3 - ~300nm*) Choice of Adsorbates (N 2 , CO 2 , Ar, H 2 , O 2 )
More information can be found on our specific Analytical Options pages and at MCA Services we are always happy to discuss particular requirements, sample types and applications to determine the more appropriate techniques for the characterisation of your samples.
MCA Services
01763 262333
More   information   can   be   found   on   our   specific   Analytical   Options pages    and    at    MCA    Services    we    are    always    happy    to    discuss particular     requirements,     sample     types     and     applications     to determine      the      more      appropriate      techniques      for      the characterisation of your samples.
Types and shapes of pores in solid materials
There is no single technique that can be used to determine porous characteristics throughout the ranges of pore sizes. Therefore, it is usually necessary to select the most appropriate technique or combination of techniques for a given sample and application. At MCA Services we have decades of experience in this and are always happy to provide our thoughts on this selection.
Pore sizes can be divided into three ranges: Micropores (< 2nm), Mesopores (2 50 nm) and Macropores (> 50nm), the sizes refer to the diameter of a cylindrical pore or the width of a slit-shaped pore according to IUPAC definitions. Micro-pores are sometimes further divided to include super-micropores, or ultra-micropores which are smaller than 1 nm. Pore geometry, which includes types and shapes of pores should also be considered.
Porosimetry Analysis Porosimetry covers a range of analytical techniques used for understanding and characterising the porous nature of materials. Porosity often has profound affects on the behaviour of materials and influences many aspects of their selection, fabrication, application, performance and life-cycle. Porosity is a broad term which encompasses physical characteristics such as pore volume, pore surface area, pore size distribution, specific surface area, absolute porosity and pore geometry. It also has direct relationships with the various measures of sample density, gas and fluid permeability and chemical activity. All of these aspects of porosity can be characterised at MCA Services using a range of state-of-the-art analytical instruments. Our expertise in the application of analyses and interpretation means that the most pertinent data is presented and related directly to specific materials and applications. Porosity is commonly considered as being present within a solid material but it is also present in the void spaces of a powder material. Such inter-particulate porosity is determined by the particle size and shape of the powder grains, essentially reflecting the packing properties of powder particles. Understanding inter-particulate porosity becomes very significant when a powder is used in the fabrication of a solid article. Combined with the process conditions, such as compression, binder composition and firing temperature it determines the porosity within the finished article.
Pore size distribution ranges and analytical options
Mesopores and Macropores Mercury porosimetry for the pore size range 3.5 nm – 650 µm* Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot) Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot) Average Pore Size (numerical values) Pore Size Distribution (numerical value and graphical plot) Bulk and Skeletal Density Absolute Porosity (% volume) Permeability Pore Tortuosity * Depending on nature of sample Mesopores and Small Macropores Gas adsorption for the pore size range 2 - ~300 nm* Specific (BET) Surface Area Pore Volume Pore Area Average Pore Size Pore Size Distribution Assessment of Pore Geometry Micropore Volume Choice of Adsorbates * Depending on nature of sample Micropores Gas adsorption for the pore size range 0.3 – 2 nm Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot) Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot) Average Pore Size (numerical values) Nitrogen Adsorption (pores 0.45 – 2 nm) Nitrogen Adsorption Full Isotherm (pores 0.45 - ~300nm*) Carbon Dioxide Adsorption (pores 0.3 – 0.45 nm) Combined CO2 and N2 Isotherms (pores 0.3 - ~300nm*) Choice of Adsorbates (N 2 , CO 2 , Ar, H 2 , O 2 )