Mesopores and Small MacroporesGas adsorption for the pore size range 2 - ~300 nm*Specific (BET) Surface Area (numerical value and graphical plot)Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot)Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot)Average Pore Size (numerical values)Pore Size Distribution (numerical value and graphical plot)Assessment of Pore GeometryMicropore Volume Choice of Adsorbates * Depending on nature of sample
Porosimetry AnalysisPorosimetrycoversarangeofanalyticaltechniquesusedforunderstandingandcharacterisingtheporousnatureofmaterials.Porosityoftenhas profound affects on the behaviour of materials and influences many aspects of their selection, fabrication, application, performance and life-cycle. Porosityisabroadtermwhichencompassesphysicalcharacteristicssuchasporevolume,poresurfacearea,poresizedistribution,specific surfacearea,absoluteporosityandporegeometry.Italsohasdirectrelationshipswiththevariousmeasuresofsampledensity,gasandfluid permeabilityandchemicalactivity.AlloftheseaspectsofporositycanbecharacterisedatMCAServicesusingarangeofstate-of-the-art analyticalinstruments.Ourexpertiseintheapplicationofanalysesandinterpretationmeansthatthemostpertinentdataispresentedandrelated directly to specific materials and applications. Porosityiscommonlyconsideredasbeingpresentwithinasolidmaterialbutitisalsopresentinthevoidspacesofapowdermaterial.Suchinter-particulateporosityisdeterminedbytheparticlesizeandshapeofthepowdergrains,essentiallyreflectingthepackingpropertiesofpowder particles.Understandinginter-particulateporositybecomesverysignificantwhenapowderisusedinthefabricationofasolidarticle.Combined with the process conditions, such as compression, binder composition and firing temperature it determines the porosity within the finished article.
Poresizescanbedividedintothreeranges:Micropores(<2nm),Mesopores(2– 50nm) andMacropores(>50nm),thesizesrefertothediameterofacylindricalporeorthewidth ofaslit-shapedporeaccordingtoIUPACdefinitions.Micro-poresaresometimesfurther dividedtoincludesuper-micropores,orultra-microporeswhicharesmallerthan1nm.Pore geometry, which includes types and shapes of pores should also be considered. Thereisnosingletechniquethatcanbeusedtodetermineporouscharacteristicsthroughout therangesofporesizes.Therefore,itisusuallynecessarytoselectthemostappropriate techniqueorcombinationoftechniquesforagivensampleandapplication.AtMCAServices wehavedecadesofexperienceinthisandarealwayshappytoprovideourthoughtsonthis selection.
Mesopores and MacroporesMercury porosimetryfor the pore size range 3.5 nm – 650 µm*Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot)Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot)Average Pore Size (numerical values)Pore Size Distribution (numerical value and graphical plot)Bulk and Skeletal DensityAbsolute Porosity (% volume)Permeability Pore Tortuosity* Depending on nature of sample
MicroporesGas adsorption for the pore size range 0.3 – 2 nmPore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot)Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot)Average Pore Size (numerical values)Nitrogen Adsorption (pores 0.45 – 2 nm)Nitrogen Adsorption Full Isotherm (pores 0.45 - ~300nm*)Carbon Dioxide Adsorption (pores 0.3 – 0.45 nm)Combined CO2 and N2 Isotherms (pores 0.3 - ~300nm*)Choice of Adsorbates (N2, CO2, Ar, H2, O2)
MoreinformationcanbefoundonourspecificAnalyticalOptionspagesandatMCAServiceswearealwayshappytodiscussparticular requirements, sample types and applications to determine the more appropriate techniques for the characterisation of your samples.
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More information can be found on our specific Analytical Options pages and at MCA Services we are always happy to discuss particular requirements, sample types and applications to determine the more appropriate techniques for the characterisation of your samples.
Poresizescanbedividedintothree ranges:Micropores(<2nm), Mesopores(2–50nm)and Macropores(>50nm),thesizes refertothediameterofacylindrical poreorthewidthofaslit-shaped poreaccordingtoIUPACdefinitions. Micro-poresaresometimesfurther dividedtoincludesuper-micropores, orultra-microporeswhichare smallerthan1nm.Poregeometry, whichincludestypesandshapesof pores should also be considered.
Porosimetry AnalysisPorosimetrycoversarangeofanalyticaltechniquesusedfor understandingandcharacterisingtheporousnatureofmaterials. Porosityoftenhasprofoundaffectsonthebehaviourofmaterials andinfluencesmanyaspectsoftheirselection,fabrication, application, performance and life-cycle. Porosityisabroadtermwhichencompassesphysical characteristicssuchasporevolume,poresurfacearea,poresize distribution,specificsurfacearea,absoluteporosityandpore geometry.Italsohasdirectrelationshipswiththevarious measuresofsampledensity,gasandfluidpermeabilityand chemicalactivity.Alloftheseaspectsofporositycanbe characterisedatMCAServicesusingarangeofstate-of-the-art analyticalinstruments.Ourexpertiseintheapplicationof analysesandinterpretationmeansthatthemostpertinentdata ispresentedandrelateddirectlytospecificmaterialsand applications. Porosityiscommonlyconsideredasbeingpresentwithinasolid materialbutitisalsopresentinthevoidspacesofapowder material.Suchinter-particulateporosityisdeterminedbythe particlesizeandshapeofthepowdergrains,essentially reflectingthepackingpropertiesofpowderparticles. Understandinginter-particulateporositybecomesvery significantwhenapowderisusedinthefabricationofasolid article.Combinedwiththeprocessconditions,suchas compression,bindercompositionandfiringtemperatureit determines the porosity within the finished article.
Mesopores and MacroporesMercury porosimetry for the pore size range 3.5 nm – 650 µm*Pore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot)Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot)Average Pore Size (numerical values)Pore Size Distribution (numerical value and graphical plot)Bulk and Skeletal DensityAbsolute Porosity (% volume)Permeability Pore Tortuosity* Depending on nature of sampleMesopores and Small MacroporesGas adsorption for the pore size range 2 - ~300 nm*Specific (BET) Surface Area Pore Volume Pore Area Average Pore Size Pore Size Distribution Assessment of Pore GeometryMicropore Volume Choice of Adsorbates * Depending on nature of sampleMicroporesGas adsorption for the pore size range 0.3 – 2 nmPore Volume (numerical value and graphical plot)Pore Area (numerical value and graphical plot)Average Pore Size (numerical values)Nitrogen Adsorption (pores 0.45 – 2 nm)Nitrogen Adsorption Full Isotherm (pores 0.45 - ~300nm*)Carbon Dioxide Adsorption (pores 0.3 – 0.45 nm)Combined CO2 and N2 Isotherms (pores 0.3 - ~300nm*)Choice of Adsorbates (N2, CO2, Ar, H2, O2)