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Ultra-micropore Analysis The   term   ultra-micropore   describes   pores   smaller   than   1nm   diameter (micropores   in   general   are   those   smaller   than   2nm   diameter).   Ultra- micropores    can    be    present    in    range    of    materials,    such    as:    zeolites, MOFs,   ZIFs   and   activated   carbons.   When   present,   their   size,   volume   and area   are   often   fundamental   the   functionality   and   performance   of   many applications,   for   example:   battery   materials,   catalysts,   adsorbents   and filter   materials.   In   some   instances   their   presence   is   desired,   whereas   in others   they   may   impart   an   undesired   reduction   in   performance   and   it   is often    the    case    that    materials    must    be    selected    or    developed    with specific microporous characteristics. Nitrogen    adsorption    is    commonly    used    for    micropore    analysis    with excellent    results:    the    large    range    of    data    reduction    options    in    our instrument   software   provides   a   great   choice   of   pore   modelling   options and   comparison   with   historical   data.   Furthermore,   full   isotherms   for the   characterisation   of   micropores   and   mesopores   can   be   measured readily    in    a    single    analysis.        However,    when    samples    contain    ultra- micropores   smaller   than   approximately   0.5   nm   nitrogen   adsorption   can become    problematic    and    alternative    gases    are    recommended,    the selection   depending   on   the   sample   material.   It   is   often   important   to also     consider     the     intended     use     of     the     material     and     select     an appropriate probe adsorptive. For     activated     carbon     samples     CO2 adsorption    is    recommended    and    by   combining   this   with   an   N2   adsorption isotherm    pores    in    the    full    micropore range   down   to   approximately   0.3   nm can   be   characterised   in   a   single   report. The   addition   of   the   CO2   isotherm   data can    reveal    porosity    that    cannot    be predicted    from    N2    data    and    which may    be    fundamentally    important    to the      functionality      of      the      sample material.      Alternatively,   for   polar   samples,   such   as   zeolites,   MOFs,   ZIFs, etc,   Ar   adsorption   is   recommended   which   can   be   undertaken   at   an analysis temperature of 77K or 87K.   Key Information: • CO2 adsorption for activated carbons • Combined CO2 & N2 adsorption • CO2 adsorption can reveal unknown porosity • Ar adsorption for zeolites, MOFs, ZIFs etc • Ar adsorption at 77K or 87K analysis temperature • CO adsorption available • O2 adsorption available • Micropore size values and micropore size distribution • Micropore volume measurement • Micropore area value and distribution • Data reduction by DFT (Density Functional Theory) • Data reduction by NL-DFT (Non-linear Density Functional Theory) • Comprehensive degassing options Our   Micromeritics   3Flex   instrument   is   extremely   powerful   with   cutting edge   technology   and   software.   A   wealth   of   information   can   be   gained from   the   comprehensive   data   reduction   software   and   with   our   decades of   experience   we   are   always   happy   to   determine   the   best   reporting options    and    pore    models    for    every    sample.    The    combination    of expertise    and    instrumentation    ensures    that    you    always    receive    the most complete and appropriate data possible.